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Sophia of Nassau (Sophia Wilhelmine Marianne Henriette, (スウェーデン語:Sofia); 9 July 1836 - 30 December 1913) was Queen consort of Sweden and Norway. Sophia was Queen of Sweden for 35 years, longer than any other Swedish queen before her. She was the longest serving queen until 2011 when she was surpassed by Queen Silvia. She is also the latest Queen of Sweden to have held the official title of Dowager Queen of Sweden. == Early life == Sophia was the youngest daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau, by his second wife Princess Pauline Friederica Marie of Württemberg. Her father died when she was three, and was succeeded by her half-brother Adolf. Sophia was given what was considered a suitable education for princesses at the time by private tutors. She was trained in fencing, normally reserved for males, to strengthen her back and correct her posture.〔Anne-Marie Riiber (1959). ''Drottning Sophia.'' (Queen Sophia) Uppsala: J. A. Lindblads Förlag. page 8. ISBN (Swedish)〕 Sophia socialized with academics and artists, and the court of Nassau was considered more democratic than what was usual at most German courts. She early learned the English language, and felt sympathy for the British parliamentarian system. The language spoken in her childhood home was not German but English.〔 Sophia was given what has been referred to as an upbringing more similar to the middle class Victorian life style, which she preferred rather than a royal one. Her brothers used to refer to her as Unsere demokratische Schwester (our democratic sister).〔 She was described as serious, intelligent and dutiful, and interested in language and history: she was also genuinely religious. In 1848, she witnessed a rebellion in the Duchy of Nassau, suppressed by her mother and brothers. She spent the winter of 1853-54 with her mother at the court of her maternal aunt in St Petersburg in Russia. Her maternal aunt, Princess Charlotte of Württemberg, was married to Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia. The trip was not made to arrange a marriage with a Russian prince, because her mother did not wish her to convert, which would have been necessary, but rather, to have her study the life in a grand court. During her stay in Russia, she was a student of the pianist Anton Rubinstein. Sophia and her mother were forced to leave Russia at the outbreak of the Crimean war. After the death of her mother in 1856, Sophia lived with her half sister Princess Mary of Wied. In July 1856, at her sister Mary's summer residence Monrepos outside Nassau, she received a visit from Prince Oscar of Sweden, Duke of Östergötland. Oscar was the second living son of the reigning king, following the death of his elder brother Gustaf in 1852, he had become the future heir to the Swedish throne, because his brother, the reigning Crown Prince, was unable to have more children with his spouse. It was therefore politically necessary for Oscar to marry. In 1855-56, Oscar was sent to visit various royal courts in Europe in order to find a suitable marriage partner in both rank and to his own taste. He visited the British court but did not wish to marry Princess Mary of Cambridge, and the Belgian and Prussian princess who had been suggested did not wish to marry him. The marriage of Sophia and Oscar should not be regarded as an arranged marriage: Oscar had been given the freedom to choose a princess he liked from the many courts he visited, and Sophia, who had previously been proposed to, did not wish to be pressured into marriage.〔Anne-Marie Riiber (1959). ''Drottning Sophia.'' (Queen Sophia) Uppsala: J. A. Lindblads Förlag. page 24. ISBN (Swedish)〕 Sophia and Oscar, however, mutually fell in love with each other.〔Anne-Marie Riiber (1959). ''Drottning Sophia.'' (Queen Sophia) Uppsala: J. A. Lindblads Förlag. page 25. ISBN (Swedish)〕 After the visit, Oscar returned to Sweden to ask for his parents consent to marriage, which was granted. He then returned to Nassau, where the engagement was made in September and announced in October. During the engagement, Sophia was educated in Swedish language and history, and corresponded with her future spouse: soon, the correspondence was conducted in Swedish, and she also mastered Norwegian quickly. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sophia of Nassau」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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